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Frequently Asked Questions
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What is a reference sequence?
How many inherited diseases have a known sequence?
How is the human genome assembled and annotated?
How can I customize the Map Viewer display?
What classes of genetic variation are included in dbSNP?
How can I deposit gene expression data in a public database?
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Gene Database
A new database of genes and associated information is now available for searching in Entrez.
RefSeq
Reference sequences of chromosomes, genomic contigs, mRNAs, and proteins for human and major model organisms.
OMIM
A guide to human genes and inherited disorders maintained by Johns Hopkins University and collaborators.
dbSNP
A database of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other nucleotide variations.
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Full-Length cDNA Clones
Molecular Probes
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Download DNA sequence
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Fifty years after the double helix, the reference DNA sequence of Homo sapiens is now available for downloading. BLAST the Genome
Compare your sequence to the genomic sequence and its products.
Clone Registry
A centralized registry of genomic clones, end-sequences, mapping data, and distributor information.
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Map Viewer
An interactive viewer of physical and genetic maps, genomic sequence, genes, and other genomic annotations.
UniSTS
A non-redundant collection of STSs with links to maps and sequence.
Electronic PCR
Check your sequence for STSs and view in genomic context.
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Linkage Maps
deCODE Map
Marshfield Map
Genethon Map
Physical Maps
Stanford TNG RH Map
Stanford G3 RH Map
Whitehead YAC/RH Map
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UniGene
A computational system for organizing transcribed sequences into gene-based clusters.
cDNA Sequencing Projects
A user's guide to sequences and clone reagents produced by full-length cDNA projects.
GEO
Gene Expression Omnibus, a public repository for gene expression and hybridization data.
SAGEmap
Gene expression results from SAGE tags mapped to mRNA sequences in GenBank.
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Use of BAC clone CTD-3193o13 as a FISH probe in the analysis of chromosome aberrations associated with developmental abnormalities.Human BAC Resource
A cytogenetic resource of FISH-mapped, sequence-tagged BAC clones.
SKY/CGH
Spectral karyotyping and comparative genome hybridization data for studying chromosome abnormalities.
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HomoloGene
Putative orthologs based on large-scale comparative sequence analysis.
Homology Map
Computed blocks of conserved synteny between mouse and human.
Resource Guides
Bos taurus
Canis familaris
Danio rerio
Mus musculus
Rattus norvegicus
Sus scrofa
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Find A Gene
The NCBI Handbook
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An online guide to the use of NCBI resources. Titles of selected chapters that refer to human genome resources are shown below.
The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP) of Nucleotide Sequence Variation
Adrienne Kitts and Stephen Sherry
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): A Directory of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders
Donna Maglott, Joanna S. Amberger, and Ada Hamosh
The SKY/CGH Database for Spectral Karyotyping and Comparative Genomic Hybridization Data
Turid Knutsen, Vasuki Gobu, Rodger Knaus, Thomas Ried, and Karl Sirotkin
Genome Assembly and Annotation Process
Paul Kitts
The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) Project
Kim D. Pruitt, Tatiana Tatusova, and James M. Ostell
Using the Map Viewer to Explore Genomes
Susan M. Dombrowski and Donna Maglott
UniGene: A Unified View of the Transcriptome
Joan U. Pontius, Lukas Wagner, and Gregory D. Schuler
Exercises: Using Map Viewer
David Wheeler, Kim Pruitt, Donna Maglott, Susan Dombrowski, and Andrei Gabrelian
An online guide to the use of NCBI resources. Titles of selected chapters that refer to human genome resources are shown below. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP) of Nucleotide Sequence VariationAdrienne Kitts and Stephen Sherry
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): A Directory of Human Genes and Genetic DisordersDonna Maglott, Joanna S. Amberger, and Ada Hamosh
The SKY/CGH Database for Spectral Karyotyping and Comparative Genomic Hybridization DataTurid Knutsen, Vasuki Gobu, Rodger Knaus, Thomas Ried, and Karl Sirotkin
Genome Assembly and Annotation ProcessPaul Kitts
The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) ProjectKim D. Pruitt, Tatiana Tatusova, and James M. Ostell
Using the Map Viewer to Explore GenomesSusan M. Dombrowski and Donna Maglott
UniGene: A Unified View of the TranscriptomeJoan U. Pontius, Lukas Wagner, and Gregory D. Schuler
Exercises: Using Map ViewerDavid Wheeler, Kim Pruitt, Donna Maglott, Susan Dombrowski, and Andrei Gabrelian
What is a reference sequence? How many inherited diseases have a known sequence? How is the human genome assembled and annotated? How can I customize the Map Viewer display? What classes of genetic variation are included in dbSNP? How can I deposit gene expression data in a public database?
A challenge facing researchers today is that of piecing together and analyzing the plethora of data currently being generated through the Human Genome Project and scores of smaller projects. NCBI's Web site serves an an integrated, one-stop, genomic information infrastructure for biomedical researchers from around the world so that they may use these data in their research efforts. More...
Gene DatabaseA new database of genes and associated information is now available for searching in Entrez.
RefSeqReference sequences of chromosomes, genomic contigs, mRNAs, and proteins for human and major model organisms.
OMIMA guide to human genes and inherited disorders maintained by Johns Hopkins University and collaborators.
dbSNPA database of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other nucleotide variations.
Full-Length cDNA Clones
The NIH Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) provides sequence-verified cDNA clone reagents for most human and mouse genes.
Molecular Probes
A new NCBI database provides sequences of molecular probes, their biomedical applications, and how to obtain reagents.
Download DNA sequence Fifty years after the double helix, the reference DNA sequence of Homo sapiens is now available for downloading. BLAST the GenomeCompare your sequence to the genomic sequence and its products.
Clone RegistryA centralized registry of genomic clones, end-sequences, mapping data, and distributor information.
Map ViewerAn interactive viewer of physical and genetic maps, genomic sequence, genes, and other genomic annotations.
UniSTSA non-redundant collection of STSs with links to maps and sequence.
Electronic PCRCheck your sequence for STSs and view in genomic context.
Linkage MapsdeCODE MapMarshfield MapGenethon MapPhysical MapsStanford TNG RH MapStanford G3 RH MapWhitehead YAC/RH MapUniGeneA computational system for organizing transcribed sequences into gene-based clusters.
cDNA Sequencing ProjectsA user's guide to sequences and clone reagents produced by full-length cDNA projects.
GEOGene Expression Omnibus, a public repository for gene expression and hybridization data.
SAGEmapGene expression results from SAGE tags mapped to mRNA sequences in GenBank.
Use of BAC clone CTD-3193o13 as a FISH probe in the analysis of chromosome aberrations associated with developmental abnormalities.
Human BAC ResourceA cytogenetic resource of FISH-mapped, sequence-tagged BAC clones.
SKY/CGHSpectral karyotyping and comparative genome hybridization data for studying chromosome abnormalities.
HomoloGenePutative orthologs based on large-scale comparative sequence analysis.
Homology MapComputed blocks of conserved synteny between mouse and human.
Resource GuidesBos taurusCanis familarisDanio rerioMus musculusRattus norvegicusSus scrofaTax Plot
Three-way view of genome similarities
Three-way view of genome similarities
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