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Throughout the six decades of Billy Graham's career, his wife, Ruth Bell Graham, served as the only true constant in his life other than his faith.

Despite long separations when Graham was on the road preaching, Ruth, who died Thursday at age 87, remained his bedrock, often speaking up to offer advice, yet just as often staying silent so that he could focus on his mission.

"There would have been no Billy Graham … had it not been for Ruth," said the late T.W. Wilson, a key member of Graham's staff, in A Prophet With Honor, William Martin's biography of the evangelist.

Graham was the first to acknowledge his wife's importance. "Your counsel, advice, encouragement and prayer have been my mainstay and at times I have almost clung to you in my weakness, in hours of obsession, problems and difficulties," he wrote in a 1963 letter to Ruth from Los Angeles, according to Patricia Cornwell's biography, Ruth, A Portrait.

In a statement issued Thursday, Graham, 88, praised his wife as his "life partner" and said "we were called as a team."

"No one else could have borne the load that she carried. She was a vital and integral part of our ministry, and my work through the years would have been impossible without her encouragement and support," he said.

On the surface, Ruth perhaps seemed a stereotypical preacher's wife: She stayed home in North Carolina to raise their five children and kept herself — and her personal needs — out of the spotlight. Her independence in the domestic arena allowed Graham a certain freedom from family responsibilities and granted him the ability to travel widely on his many crusades.

"The self-abnegation she learned in childhood probably prepared her for the role she played in [Graham's] life," said Randall Balmer, professor of American religion at Barnard College in New York, and author of a documentary on Billy Graham. "She had to adjust her sense of calling and mission to fit what he had in mind."

Ruth Bell was born in 1920 in China to missionary parents. By the time she met Graham at Wheaton College in Illinois at age 20, she was used to a life of service, hardship and separation from loved ones. Originally, she planned to follow her parents to the mission field. However, she decided instead to marry Graham in 1941 and resigned to "slip into the background," as she wrote in her journal.

Although she preferred to stay behind the scenes, her impact on her husband was all too evident. Early in his career, she read her King James Bible over and over and clipped newspaper and magazine articles for sermon ideas. Raised in a family that prized intellectual inquiry, she brought to the marriage a thirst for knowledge and a worldly perspective.

"She proved for him a real, serious introduction to things overseas," said Mark Noll, professor of Christian thought at Wheaton College, the Grahams' alma mater. "This was important given the fact that from the early '60s through the '90s Billy Graham was much more active in other places in the world than the United States."

Her experience among missionaries, where women served in the same spiritual trenches as men, also shaped her view of gender roles. "Billy was brought up in a house where the women did not question the men, while in the Bell house, that's all we did," she said in Cornwell's biography.

Ruth's steadfast adherence to the Presbyterian Church, rather than joining her husband's Southern Baptist denomination, further broadened Billy Graham's outlook.

"He was more flexible than other evangelists, and his domestic influence was crucial in that regard," Noll said. "He never got hung up on American denominational issues. That's very much a missionary characteristic, particularly in places like China where there was a very small Christian population, and all denominations had to learn to get along."

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June (Web-only) 2007, Vol. 51