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Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1
Identifiers
RNA expression pattern
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1, also known as TRPA1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TRPA1 (and in other species by the Trpa1) gene.[1][2]
[edit] Function
TRPA1 is a member of the transient receptor potential channel family.[2] TRPA1, contains 14 N-terminal ankyrin repeats and is believed to function as a mechanical stress sensor.[3] The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, studies indicate the function may involve a role in signal transduction and growth control.[4]
Recent studies indicate that TRPA1 is activated by a number reactive compounds (allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamaldehyde, farnesyl thiosalicylic acid, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein) and considered as a 'chemosensor' in the body.[5] TRPA1 is considered as an attractive target pain based on the fact that TRPA1 knockout mice showed near complete attenuation of formalin-induced pain behaviors.[6][7] TRPA1 antagonists are effective in blocking pain behaviors induced by inflammation (complete Freund's adjuvant and formalin)
Although it is not firmly confirmed whether noxious cold sensation is mediated by TRPA1 in vivo, several recent studies clearly demonstrated cold activation of TRPA1 channels in vitro.[8][9]
[edit] Clinical significance
In 2008 it was observed that caffeine suppresses activity of human TRPA1, but it was found that mouse Trpa1 channels expressed in sensory neurons cause an aversion to drinking caffeine-containing water, suggesting they mediate the perception of caffeine.[10]
[edit] References
^ Jaquemar D, Schenker T, Trueb B (March 1999). "An ankyrin-like protein with transmembrane domains is specifically lost after oncogenic transformation of human fibroblasts". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (11): 7325–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.11.7325. PMID 10066796. ^ a b Clapham DE, Julius D, Montell C, Schultz G (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of transient receptor potential channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 427–50. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.6. PMID 16382100. ^ GarcÃa-Añoveros J, Nagata K (2007). "TRPA1". Handb Exp Pharmacol (179): 347–62. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_21. PMID 17217068. ^ "Entrez Gene: TRPA1 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1". ^ Tai C, Zhu S, Zhou N (January 2008). "TRPA1: the central molecule for chemical sensing in pain pathway?". J. Neurosci. 28 (5): 1019–21. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5237-07.2008. PMID 18234879. ^ McNamara CR, Mandel-Brehm J, Bautista DM, et al (August 2007). "TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (33): 13525–30. doi:10.1073/pnas.0705924104. PMID 17686976. ^ McMahon SB, Wood JN (March 2006). "Increasingly irritable and close to tears: TRPA1 in inflammatory pain". Cell 124 (6): 1123–5. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.006. PMID 16564004. ^ Sawada Y, Hosokawa H, Hori A, Matsumura K, Kobayashi S (July 2007). "Cold sensitivity of recombinant TRPA1 channels". Brain Res. 1160: 39–46. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.047. PMID 17588549. ^ Klionsky L, Tamir R, Gao B, et al (2007). "Species-specific pharmacology of Trichloro(sulfanyl)ethyl benzamides as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists". Mol Pain 3: 39. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-39. PMID 18086308. ^ Nagatomo K, Kubo Y (November 2008). "Caffeine activates mouse TRPA1 channels but suppresses human TRPA1 channels". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809769105. PMID 18988737.
[edit] External links
Ca2+: Calcium channel
L-type/Cavα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) • N-type/Cavα2.2 • P-type/Cavα(2.1) • Q-type/Cavα2.1 • R-type/Cavα2.3 • T-type/Cavα(3.2)
α2δ-subunits (1, 2) • β-subunits (β1, β2, β3, β4) • γ-subunits (γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4)
Cation channels of sperm • Two-pore channel (1, 2)
Na+: Sodium channel
Navα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 7A) • Navβ (1, 2, 3, 4)
K+: Potassium channel
Kvα1-6 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10) • (2.1, 2.2) • (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) • (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) • (5.1) • (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4)
Kvα7-12 (7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5) • (8.1, 8.2) • (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) • (10.1, 10.2) • (11.1/hERG, 11.2, 11.3) • (12.1, 12.2, 12.3)
Kvβ (1, 2, 3) • KCNIP (1, 2, 3, 4) • minK/ISK • MiRP (1, 2, 3) • Shaker gene
Kir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) • GIRK/Kir (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) • Kir (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1)
K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18)
M+: TRP cation channel
TRPA (1) • TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) • TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • TRPML (1, 2, 3) • TRPP (1, 2) • TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Cl-: Chloride channel
ANO1 • Bestrophin (1, 2) • CFTR • CLCA (1, 2, 3, 4) • CLCN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, KA, KB) • CLIC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, L1) • CLNS (1A, 1B)
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