Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
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In medicine, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state of the whole body (the "system") without a proven source of infection.
Contents
[edit] Definition of SIRS
Criteria for SIRS were agreed upon in 1992.[1] SIRS can be diagnosed when two or more of the following are present:[2][3][4][5]
Heart rate > 90 beats per minute Body temperature < 36 or > 38°C Tachypnea (high respiratory rate) > 20 breaths per minute or, on blood gas, a PaCO2 < 4.3 kPa (32 mm Hg) White blood cell count < 4000 cells/mm³ or > 12000 cells/mm³ (< 4 x 109 or > 12 x 109 cells/L), or the presence of greater than 10% immature neutrophils.
[edit] Difference between SIRS and sepsis
SIRS due to a suspected or proven infection is called sepsis.
Simply stated:
[edit] Complications of SIRS
Severe sepsis, defined as sepsis with one or more organ failure.
SIRS can result in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
Hypotension related to vessel dilation
Hypovolemic shock
[edit] Causes of SIRS
Severe trauma Surgery, complication of Adrenal insufficiency Pulmonary embolism Complicated aortic aneurysm Myocardial infarction Hemorrhage Cardiac tamponade Anaphylaxis Drug overdose Burns Acute pancreatitis Immunodeficiency (such as AIDS[6])
[edit] Relation to cytokine storm
SIRS can be considered to be a subset of cytokine storm, a general term (not commonly used in clinical medicine) for cytokine dysregulation.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
^ "American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis". Crit. Care Med. 20 (6): 864–74. 1992. PMID 1597042. ^ a b Irwin RS, Cerra FB, Rippe JM. Irwin and Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine. 5th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hagerstown, MD. 2003. ISBN 0-7817-1425-7. Publisher's information on the book. ^ a b Marino PL. The ICU Book. 2nd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hagerstown, MD. 1998. ISBN 0-683-05565-8. Publisher's information on the book. ^ Sharma S, Steven M. Septic Shock. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2101.htm Accessed on Nov 20, 2005. ^ Tslotou AG, Sakorafas GH, Anagnostopoulos G, Bramis J. Septic shock; current pathogenetic concepts from a clinical perspective. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Mar;11(3):RA76-85. PMID 15735579. Full Text. ^ Santhanam S, Tolan RW. Sepsis. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3033.htm Accessed on Mar 12, 2006.
