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Dextrorphan (DXO) is a pharmacologically active metabolite of dextromethorphan (DXM).
Dextrorphan
17-methyl-9a,13a,14a-morphinan-3-ol
Identifiers
Chemical data
Pharmacokinetic data
Therapeutic considerations
[edit] Chemistry
It is the result of O-demethylation of the prodrug by several enzymatic systems, although it is chiefly a product of the Cytochrome P450 IID6 (CYP2D6) pathway.
[edit] Pharmacology
Dextrorphan is structurally similar to dextromethorphan, and has an affinity for the same receptors in the central nervous system, although with a slight difference in selectivity. While dextromethorphan is a weak non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, dextrorphan is a more potent antagonist[1].
It should be noted, however, that due to its potency as an NMDA receptor antagonist, as well as the fact that it is produced as a by-product of DXM metabolization in the body, DXO is thought to be largely responsible for the psychological side-effects that occur at high doses of DXM. These side-effects can include alteration of consciousness, or "cognitive dissociation", which are characteristic of NMDA blockade and which have afforded DXM its potential for use as a recreational drug.
[edit] See also
Morphinan (parent drug of dextromethorphan)
Methorphan (racemic mixture of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan) Dextromethorphan (DXM) (compound that breaks down into dextrorphan) Levomethorphan (L-isomer of dextromethorphan with opioid activity) Levorphanol (Metabolite of levomethorphan; levorphanol is the L-isomer of dextrorphan, has opioid activity)
Psychedelic (psychedelic experience) Hallucinogen (drug that produces visual alterations and is commonly used for this purpose) Psychedelic Drug (drug that is called 'mind expanding' and includes drugs like LSD)
Dissociatives (drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain)
Nitrous Oxide (short acting dissociative anesthetic that is inhaled for it's euphoric properties) Ketamine (compound that acts most similarly to dextrorphan) Dextromethorphan (DXM) Dextrorphan (DXO) Phencyclidine (PCP) (another compound that acts like dextrorphan)
Recreational use of dextromethorphan (use of dextromethorphan for purposes that induce effects caused by dextrorphan)
[edit] External links
Dextrorphan Legality
Opium
derivatives
Semisynthetics
Nitrogen Morphine Derivatives
Active Opiate
Metabolites
Diphenylmethylpiperazines
