Benzene (data page)
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This page provides supplementary chemical data on benzene.
Contents
[edit] Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for benzene available at AMOCO.
[edit] Structure and properties
Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD 1.5011 at 20°C
Dielectric constant, εr (2.274 – 0.0020ΔT) ε0
(ΔT = T – 25 °C)
(ΔT = T – 25 °C)
Bond angle 120° C–C–C
120° H–C–C
120° H–C–C
Surface tension 28.88 dyn/cm at 25°C
Viscosity[1]
0.7528 mPa·s at 10°C
0.6999 mPa·s at 15°C
0.6516 mPa·s at 20°C
0.6076 mPa·s at 25°C
0.5673 mPa·s at 35°C
0.4965 mPa·s at 40°C
0.4655 mPa·s at 45°C
0.4370 mPa·s at 50°C
0.4108 mPa·s at 55°C
0.3867 mPa·s at 60°C
0.3644 mPa·s at 65°C
0.3439 mPa·s at 70°C
0.3250 mPa·s at 75°C
0.3075 mPa·s at 80°C
[edit] Thermodynamic properties
Phase behavior
Triple point 278.5 K (5.4 °C), ? Pa
Critical point 562 K (289 °C), 4.74 MPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 9.9 kJ/mol at 5.42 °C
of fusion, ΔfusH
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 35.5 J/(mol·K) at 5.42 °C
of fusion, ΔfusS
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo 33.9 kJ/mol at 25°C
30.77 kJ/mol at 80.1°C
of vaporization, ΔvapH
30.77 kJ/mol at 80.1°C
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 113.6 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
87.1 J/(mol·K) at 80.1°C
of vaporization, ΔvapS
87.1 J/(mol·K) at 80.1°C
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid ? kJ/mol
of formation, ΔfH
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 45.56 J/(mol K)
S
Heat capacity, cp 118.4 J/(mol K) at 0°C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid +48.7 kJ/mol
of formation, ΔfH
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 173.26 J/(mol K)
S
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo –3273 kJ/mol
Heat capacity[1], cp 134.8 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas +82.93 kJ/mol
of formation, ΔfH
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 234.9 J/(mol K)
S
Heat capacity[1], cp 82.44 J/(mol K) at 25°C
van der Waals' constants[2] a = 1823.9 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.1154 liter per mole
b = 0.1154 liter per mole
[edit] Vapor pressure of liquid
P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600
T in °C –36.7(s) –11.5(s) 7.6 26.1 60.6 80.1 103.8 142.5 178.8 221.5 272.3 —
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Note: (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid, otherwise value is equilibrium temperature of vapor over liquid.
obtained from CHERIC[1] Note: yellow area is the region where the formula disagrees with tabulated data above.[edit] Distillation data
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/Ethanol[3]
P = 760 mm Hg
for Benzene/Ethanol[3]
P = 760 mm Hg
BP
Temp.
°C % by mole ethanol
Temp.
°C % by mole ethanol
liquid vapor
70.8 8.6 26.5
69.8 11.2 28.2
69.6 12.0 30.8
69.1 15.8 33.5
68.5 20.0 36.8
67.7 30.8 41.0
67.7 44.2 44.6
68.1 60.4 50.5
69.6 77.0 59.0
70.4 81.5 62.8
70.9 84.1 66.5
72.7 89.8 74.4
73.8 92.4 78.2
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/Methanol[3]
P = 760 mm Hg
for Benzene/Methanol[3]
P = 760 mm Hg
BP
Temp.
°C % by mole methanol
Temp.
°C % by mole methanol
liquid vapor
70.67 2.6 26.7
66.44 5.0 37.1
62.87 8.8 45.7
60.20 16.4 52.6
58.64 33.3 55.9
58.02 54.9 59.5
58.10 69.9 63.3
58.47 78.2 66.5
59.90 89.8 76.0
62.71 97.3 90.7
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/Acetone[3]
P = 101.325 kPa
for Benzene/Acetone[3]
P = 101.325 kPa
BP
Temp.
°C % by mole benzene
Temp.
°C % by mole benzene
liquid vapor
57.34 11.7 7.4
57.48 12.8 8.1
57.75 15.1 9.5
59.21 26.7 16.6
59.24 27.0 16.7
60.01 32.7 20.2
60.71 37.3 23.1
61.05 39.8 24.7
61.91 45.0 27.9
62.82 50.2 31.7
63.39 53.4 33.9
63.79 55.4 35.3
64.22 57.2 37.0
64.99 61.3 39.9
67.88 73.0 51.2
70.21 80.7 60.1
72.23 86.1 67.9
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/n-Hexane[3]
P = 760 mmHg
for Benzene/n-Hexane[3]
P = 760 mmHg
BP
Temp.
°C % by mole hexane
Temp.
°C % by mole hexane
liquid vapor
77.6 7.3 14.0
75.1 17.2 26.8
73.4 26.8 37.6
72.0 37.2 46.0
70.9 46.2 54.0
70.0 58.5 64.4
69.4 69.2 72.5
69.1 79.2 80.7
69.0 82.8 83.8
68.9 88.3 88.8
68.8 94.7 95.0
68.8 96.2 96.4
[edit] Spectral data
[edit] Safety data
Material Safety Data Sheet for benzene:
Common synonyms None
Physical properties Form: colorless liquid
Stability: Stable, but very flammable
Melting point: 5.5 C
Water solubility: negligible
Specific gravity: 0.87
Principal hazards *** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
*** Very flammable. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk.
Safe handling Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available.
If benzene must be used in an experiment, it should be handled at all stages in a fume cupboard.
Wear safety glasses and use protective gloves.
Emergency Eye contact: Immediately flush the eye with plenty of water. Continue for at least ten minutes
and call for immediate medical help.
Skin contact: Wash off with soap and water. Remove any contaminated clothing. If the skin
reddens or appears damaged, call for medical aid.
If swallowed: Call for immediate medical help.
Disposal It is dangerous to try to dispose of benzene by washing it down a sink, since it is toxic, will cause environmental damage
and presents a fire risk. It is probable that trying to dispose of benzene in this way will also break local
environmental rules. Instead, retain in a safe place in the laboratory (well away from any source of ignition)
for disposal with other flammable, non-chlorinated solvents.
Protective equipment Safety glasses. If gloves are worn, PVA, butyl rubber and viton are suitable materials.
[edit] References
^ a b c d "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved on 12-May 2007. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1522-1524 ^ a b c d "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved on 12 May 2007. ^ "[http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi Spectral Database for Organic Compounds]" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Retrieved on 10 June 2007.
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.
Disclaimer applies.
