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==Meaning of data, information and knowledge==
The terms [[information]] and [[knowledge]] are frequently used for overlapping concepts. The main difference is in the level of [[abstraction]] being considered.  Data is the lowest level of abstraction, information is the next level, and finally, knowledge is the highest level among all three.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}  For example, the height of Mt. Everest is generally considered as "data", a book on Mt. Everest geological characteristics may be considered as "information", and a report containing practical information on the best way to reach Mt. Everest's peak may be considered as "knowledge". 

Information as a concept bears a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.<!--given by nupur seth-->

Beynon-Davies <ref>Beynon-Davies P. (2002). Information Systems: an introduction to informatics in Organisations. Palgrave, Basingstoke, UK. ISBN 0-333-96390-3</ref> uses the concept of a [[sign]] to distinguish between [[data]] and [[information]]. Data are symbols. Information occurs when symbols are used to refer to something.

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